journal F cijkl = Equation dos + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )
ijkl and yijkl equal 0. xijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and yijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), xijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, yijkl equals 1 if k < l>
Second, we size ining how probability of hukou intermarriage alter which have each partner’s education (Gullickson and Torche, 2014), and now we after that see version in market replace among them towns.
log F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? p = step one 2 ? p you pij + ? q = step one 2 ? q w qij + ? c ? p = 1 dos ? p u pij + ? c ? q = step 1 2 ? q w qij
When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both upij and wqij equal 0. upij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and wqij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), upij equals 1 if k >p and wqij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), upij equals 1 if l > p and wqij equals 1 if k > q.
Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?p and ?q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of top 15 maata, joissa on kauneimmat naiset education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Detailed Abilities
Descriptive contributes to Desk step 1 show hukou area pairings away from spouses from the town. Into the Shanghai, on 47% of micro-census was contracted ranging from a couple of migrants; when you look at the Shenzhen, you to definitely payment was more 70%. In the 38% out of marriages inside several regional partners into the Shanghai, while fifteen% out-of marriages got several local partners for the Shenzhen. Clearly, some one tended to marry within hukou status category in locations. In both locations, marriage ceremonies ranging from a location partner and you will a beneficial migrant spouse had been far apt to be than simply marriage ceremonies ranging from good migrant husband and a community partner to take place (13% compared to. 3% in the Shanghai and eleven% versus. 4% in the Shenzhen). Brand new percentage of hukou locality homogamy is similar regarding one or two urban centers. But really, you want to translate the outcome that have warning, while the display off migrants is different within these two metropolises. New cousin sized migrants and you may locals produces structural relationship ventures for folks to find potential partners and ultimately ). Log-linear analysis lets us evaluate the level of hukou homogamy, web of the compositional consequences, by handling to possess marginal distributions of hukou position.
Dining table 1.
I very first introduce the brand new withdrawals off knowledge attainment to own migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you will regional spouses in each area, respectively, inside the Figure step one . Typically, migrants are shorter experienced than locals, no matter what gender, in both Shanghai and you will Shenzhen. One of migrants, men are best experienced than women in each other Shanghai and you can Shenzhen. Alternatively, among neighbors, this new gender pit when you look at the knowledge is both short if not corrected: local men normally are just slightly most readily useful educated than simply their female counterparts in the Shenzhen, and you will regional women typically be educated than their men alternatives in the Shanghai. Log-linear habits handle towards the knowledge inequalities ranging from visitors and you may anywhere between neighbors and you may migrants to recapture brand new associations ranging from spouses’ knowledge and you may ranging from academic and you may hukou area assortative mating, internet of the limited withdrawals out of spouses’ traits.